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The Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1803 was a French expedition to map the coast of New Holland (now Australia). Nicolas Baudin was selected as leader in October 1800. The expedition started with two ships, ''Géographe'', captained by Baudin, and ''Naturaliste'' captained by Jacques Hamelin, and was accompanied by nine zoologists and botanists, including Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour, François Péron and Charles-Alexandre Lesueur. ==Expedition== Napoléon Bonaparte, as First Consul, formally approved the expedition ‘to the coasts of New Holland’,〔Horner, 1986, p.40〕 after receiving a delegation consisting of Baudin and eminent members of the (Institut National des Sciences et Arts ) on 25 March 1800. The explicit purpose of the voyage was to be ‘observation and research relating to Geography and Natural History.’〔‘Plan of Itinerary for Citizen Baudin’ in Baudin, 2004, p.1.〕 The Baudin expedition departed Le Havre, France, on 19 October 1800. Because of delays in receiving his instructions and problems encountered in Isle de France (now Mauritius) they did not reach Cape Leeuwin on the south-west corner of the continent until May 1801. Upon rounding Cape Naturaliste, they entered Geographe Bay. During their exploration here they lost a longboat and a sailor, Assistant Helmsman Timothée Vasse. They then sailed north, but the ships became separated and did not meet again until they reached Timor. The expedition was severely affected by dysentery and fever, but sailed from Timor on 13 November 1801, across the Great Australian Bight and reached Tasmania on 13 January 1802. They charted the whole length of Tasmania's east coast and there were extensive interactions with the Indigenous Tasmanians, with whom they had peaceful relationships. They notably produced precious ethnological studies of Indigenous Tasmanians. The expedition then began surveying the south coast of Australia,〔M.L. Freycinet, ''Carte Générale de la Nouvelle Hollande dressée par M. L. Freycinet Commandant de la Goëllette le Casuarina, An 1808.'' Louis Freycinet, ''Atlas Historique,'' Paris, 1811. ()〕 but then Captain Jacques Felix Emmanuel Hamelin in ''Naturaliste'' decided to make for Port Jackson (Sydney) as he was running short of food and water, and in need of anchors. En route, in April 1802, Hamelin explored the area of Western Port, Victoria, and gave names to places, a number of which have survived, for example, ''Ile des Français'' is now called French Island. Meanwhile, Baudin in the ''Géographe'' continued westward, and in April 1802 encountered the British ship ''Investigator'' commanded by Matthew Flinders, also engaged in charting the coastline, at Encounter Bay in what is now South Australia. Flinders informed Baudin of his discovery of Kangaroo Island, St. Vincent’s and Spencer’s Gulfs. Baudin sailed on to the Nuyts Archipelago, the point reached by 't Gulden Zeepaert in 1627 before heading for Port Jackson as well for supplies. In late 1802 the expedition was at Port Jackson, where the government sold 60 casks of flour and 25 casks of salt meat to Baudin to resupply his two vessels. The supplies permitted ''Naturaliste'' to return to France and ''Géographe'' to continue her explorations of the Australian coast.〔''Historical records of Australia'' (1915), Series 1 v.3 1801/02, p.600.〕 ''Naturaliste'' took with her the Colony's staff surgeon, Mr. James Thomson, whom Governor Philip Gidley King had given permission to return to England.〔''Historical records of Australia'' (1915), Series 1 v.3 1801/02, p.718.〕 Before resuming the voyage Baudin purchased a 30 ton schooner, which he named the , a smaller vessel which could conduct close inshore survey work. He sent the larger ''Naturaliste'' under Hamelin back to France with all the specimens that had been collected by Baudin and his crew. As the voyage had progressed Louis de Freycinet, now a Lieutenant, had shown his talents as an officer and a hydrographer and so was given command of the ''Casuarina''. The expedition then headed for Tasmania and conducted further charting of Bass Strait before sailing west, following the west coast northward, and after another visit to Timor, undertook further exploration along the north coast of Australia. Plagued by contrary winds, ill health, and because 'the quadrupeds and emus were very sick',〔Baudin p.561.〕 it was decided on 7 July 1803 to return to France. On the return voyage, the ships stopped in Mauritius, where Baudin died of tuberculosis on 16 September 1803. The expedition finally reached France on 24 March 1804. The scientific expedition was considered a great success, with more than 2500 new species discovered. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baudin expedition to Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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